Сладкая история мира. 2000 лет господства сахара в экономике, политике и медицине - Ульбе Босма

(London: Effingham Wilson, 1864), 12–13. Сведения об импорте сахара в Британию, см.: James Russell, Sugar Duties: Digest and Summary of Evidence Taken by the Select Committee Appointed to Inquire into the Operation of the Present Scale of Sugar Duties (London: Dawson, 1862), app. 1, 87.

39 Seymour Drescher, The Mighty Experiment: Free Labor versus Slavery in British Emancipation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 205; Tâmis Parron, «The British Empire and the Suppression of the Slave Trade to Brazil: A Global History Analysis,» Journal of World History 29, no. 1 (2018): 8.

40 Anthony Trollope, West Indies and the Spanish Main (London: Chapman and Hall, 1867), 101.

41 Bosma, The Sugar Plantation, 83.

42 См.: Leslie Bethell, «The Mixed Commissions for the Suppression of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century,» Journal of African History 7, no. 1 (1966): 79–93; David R.Murray, Odious Commerce: Britain, Spain and the Abolition of the Cuban Slave Trade (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Arthur F.Corwin, Spain and the Abolition of Slavery in Cuba, 1817–1886 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1967), 112–113, 118–119.

43 Richard Huzzey, «Free Trade, Free Labour, and Slave Sugar in Victorian Britain,» Historical Journal 53, no. 2 (2010): 368–372.

44 Julius Wolf, Zuckersteuer und Zuckerindustrie in den europäischen Ländern und in der amerikanischen Union von 1882 bis 1885, mit besonderer Rücksichtnahme auf Deutschland und die Steuerreform Daselbst (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1886), 71.

45 Demy P.Sonza and Nicholas Loney, Sugar Is Sweet: The Story of Nicholas Loney (Manila: National Historical Institute, 1977), 53, 59–60.

46 Violeta Lopez-Gonzaga, «The Roots of Agrarian Unrest in Negros, 1850–90,» Philippine Studies 36, no. 2 (1988): 162, 165; Nicholas Loney, José María Espino, and Margaret Hoskyn, A Britisher in the Philippines, or, The Letters of Nicholas Loney: With an Introduction by Margaret Hoskyn and Biographical Note by Consul José Ma. Espino (Manila: National Library, 1964), xx, xxi; Filomeno V.Aguilar, Clash of Spirits: The History of Power and Sugar Planter Hegemony on a Visayan Island (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998), 107, 110–117, 128; Sonza and Loney, Sugar Is Sweet, 53, 59–60, 100.

47 Shawn W.Miller, «Fuelwood in Colonial Brazil: The Economic and Social Consequences of Fuel Depletion for the Bahian Recôncavo, 1549–1820,» Forest&Conservation History 38, no. 4 (1994): 190–191.

48 John Richard Heath, «Peasants or Proletarians: Rural Labour in a Brazilian Plantation Economy,» Journal of Development Studies 17, no. 4 (1981): 272; David A.Denslow, «Sugar Production in Northeastern Brazil and Cuba, 1858–1908,» Journal of Economic History 35, no. 1 (1975): 262; J.H.Galloway, «The Sugar Industry of Pernambuco during the Nineteenth Century,» Annals of the Association of American Geographers 58, no. 2 (1968): 291–300.

49 David Eltis, «The Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Slave Trade: An Annual Time Series of Imports into the Americas Broken Down by Region,» Hispanic American Historical Review 67, no. 1 (1987): 122–123. Томич приводит слегка более высокую оценку в 387 000 рабов за тот же самый период. Dale Tomich, «World Slavery and Caribbean Capitalism: The Cuban Sugar Industry, 1760–1868,» Theory and Society 20, no. 3 (1991): 304.

50 Tomich, «World Slavery,» 304.

51 Manuel Moreno Fraginals, «Africa in Cuba: A Quantitative Analysis of the African Population in the Island of Cuba,» Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 292, no. 1 (1977): 196, 199–200; Franklin W. Knight, Slave Society in Cuba during the Nineteenth Century (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1970), 76, 82.

52 Luis A.Figueroa, Sugar, Slavery, and Freedom in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 98–102.

53 David Turnbull, Travel in the West Cuba: With Notices of Porto Rico, and the Slave Trade (London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1840), 53.

54 Aisha K.Finch, Rethinking Slave Rebellion in Cuba: La Escalera and the Insurgencies of 1841–1844 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015), 69.

55 См.: Joao José Reis, Slave Rebellion in Brazil the Muslim Uprising of 1835 in Bahia (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993); Thomas Ewbank, Life in Brazil: Or, a Journal of a Visit to the Land of the Cocoa and the Palm… (New York: Harper&Brothers, 1856), 438–441. См. также: Manuel Barcia Paz, West African Warfare in Bahia and Cuba: Soldier Slaves in the Atlantic World, 1807–1844 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016); Finch, Rethinking Slave Rebellion, 48, 78–80, 227.

56 Antón Allahar, «Surplus Value Production and the Subsumption of Labour to Capital: Examining Cuban Sugar Plantations,» Labour, Capital and Society 20, no. 2 (1987): 176–177.

57 American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses (New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1839), 35–39; Rebecca J. Scott, Degrees of Freedom: Louisiana and Cuba after Slavery (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008), 23; Follett, The Sugar Masters, 77; Peter Depuydt, «The Mortgaging of Souls: Sugar, Slaves, and Speculations,» Louisiana History 54, no. 4 (2013): 458.

58 Frederick Law Olmsted, A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States: With Remarks on Their Economy (New York: Dix and Edwards, 1856), 694.

59 Olmsted, A Journey, 675, 689; J. Carlyle Sitterson, Sugar Country: The Cane Sugar Industry in the South 1753–1950 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1953), 99; Follett, The Sugar Masters, 201; Roderick A. McDonald, «Independent Economic Production by Slaves on Louisiana Antebellum Sugar Plantations,» in The Slaves’ Economy: Independent Production by Slaves in the Americas, ed. Ira Berlin and Philip D.Morgan (London: Frank Cass, 1991), 186, 190.

60 Daniel E.Walker, No More, No More: Slavery and Cultural Resistance in Havana and New Orleans (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004), 28; Albert Bushnell Hart, Slavery and Abolition, 1831–1841 (New York: Harper and Bros., 1906), 114–115.

61 Herbert Aptheker, Essays in the History of the American Negro (New York: International Publishers, 1945), 62.

62 См.: Victor Schoelcher, L’arrêté Gueydon à la Martinique et l’arrêté Husson à la Guadeloupe (Paris: Le Chevalier, 1872); Ryan Saylor, «Probing the Historical Sources of the Mauritian Miracle: Sugar Exporters and State Building in Colonial Mauritius,» Review of African Political Economy 39, no. 133 (2012): 471.

63 О Гавайях см.: Gary Okihiro, Cane Fires: The Anti-Japanese Movement in Hawaii (Philadelphia: Temple University Press,