Взломать всё. Как сильные мира сего используют уязвимости систем в своих интересах - Брюс Шнайер

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Joeri Cant (22 Oct 2019), «Victim of $24 million SIM swap case writes open letter to FCC chairman,» Cointelegraph, https://cointelegraph.com/news/victim-of-24-million-sim-swap-case-writes-open-letter-to-fcc-chairman.

200

Twitter (18 Jul 2020; updated 30 Jul 2020), «An update on our security incident,» Twitter blog, https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/an-update-on-our-security-incident.

201

Nick Statt (5 Sep 2019), «Thieves are now using AI deepfakes to trick companies into sending them money,» The Verge, https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/5/20851248/deepfakes-ai-fake-audio-phone-calls-thieves-trick-companies-stealing-money.

202

Hugh Schofield (20 Jun 2019), «The fake French minister in a silicone mask who stole millions,» BBC News, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48510027.

203

Drew Harwell (12 Jun 2019), "Top AI researchers race to detect 'deepfake' videos: 'We are outgunned,' " Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/06/12/top-ai-researchers-race-detect-deepfake-videos-we-are-outgunned.

204

Craig Silverman and Lawrence Alexander (3 Nov 2016), «How teens in the Balkans are duping Trump supporters with fake news,» BuzzFeed, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo.

205

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206

Bruce Schneier (17 May 2007), «Virginia Tech lesson: Rare risks breed irrational responses,» Wired, https://www.wired.com/2007/05/securitymatters-0517.

207

Nate Silver (1 Feb 2010), «Better to be strong and wrong – especially when you're actually right,» FiveThirtyEight, https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/better-to-be-strong-and-wrong.

208

Fox News (26 Jan 2017), «The truth about jobs in America,» The O'Reilly Factor (transcript), https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/the-truth-about-jobs-in-america.

209

Audrey Conklin (21 Feb 2022), «Homicides, rapes in Atlanta soar despite other decreasing violent crime,» Fox News, https://www.foxnews.com/us/homicides-rapes-atlanta-soar-2022.

210

Ronn Blitzer (26 Oct 2021), "Top Pentagon official confirms ISIS-K could have capability to attack US in '6 to 12 months,' " Fox News, https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pentagon-official-isis-k-us-attack-6-to-2-months.

211

Tucker Carlson (9 Apr 2021), «Biden wants to take your guns, but leave criminals with theirs,» Fox News, https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/tucker-carlson-biden-gun-control-disarm-trump-voters.

212

Leah Savion (Jan 2009), «Clinging to discredited beliefs: The larger cognitive story,» Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 9, no. 1, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ854880.pdf.

213

Sam Dangremond (4 Apr 2019), «Jeff Bezos is renovating the biggest house in Washington, D.C.,» Town and Country, https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/real-estate/news/a9234/jeff-bezos-house-washington-dc.

214

Lee Foster et al. (28 Jul 2020), «'Ghostwriter' influence campaign: Unknown actors leverage website compromises and fabricated content to push narratives aligned with Russian security interests,» Mandiant, https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/07/ghostwriter-influence-campaign.html.

215

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216

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217

Футуролог Мартин Форд провел опрос среди 23 выдающихся исследователей ИИ и спросил их, к какому году будет создан общий ИИ, хотя бы с 50 %-ной вероятностью. Ответы варьировались от 2029 до 2200 г., при этом среднее значение составило 2099 г. – то есть «до конца века». См.: Martin Ford (2018), Architects of Intelligence: The Truth About AI from the People Building It, Packt Publishing.

218

Kate Darling (2021), The New Breed: What Our History with Animals Reveals about Our Future with Robots, Henry Holt.

219

Douglas Adams (1978), The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, BBC Radio 4.

220

Cade Metz (16 Mar 2016), «In two moves, AlphaGo and Lee Sedol redefined the future,» Wired, https://www.wired.com/2016/03/two-moves-alphago-lee-sedol-redefined-future.

221

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222

J. Fjeld et al. (15 Jan 2020), «Principled artificial intelligence: Mapping consensus in ethical and rights-based approaches to principled AI,» Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society, https://cyber.harvard.edu/publication/2020/principled-ai.

223

Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence (16 Apr 2018), «AI in the UK: Ready, willing and able?» House of Lords, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201719/ldselect/ldai/100/100.pdf.

224

Jeffrey Dastin (10 Oct 2018), «Amazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that shows bias against women,» Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-jobs-automation-insight/amazon-scraps-secret-ai-recruiting-tool-that-showed-bias-against-women-idUSKCN1MK08G.

225

David Weinberger (accessed 11 May 2022), «Playing with AI fairness,» What-If Tool, https://pair-code.github.io/what-if-tool/ai-fairness.html. David Weinberger (6 Nov 2019), «How machine learning pushes us to define fairness,» Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2019/11/how-machine-learning-pushes-us-to-define-fairness.

226

Joseph Weizenbaum (Jan 1966), «ELIZA: A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine,» Communications of the ACM, https://web.stanford.edu/class/linguist238/p36-weizenabaum.pdf.

227

James Vincent (22 Nov 2019), «Women are more likely than men to say 'please' to their smart speaker,» The Verge, https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/22/20977442/ai-politeness-smart-speaker-alexa-siri-please-thank-you-pew-gender-sur.

228

Clifford Nass, Youngme Moon, and Paul Carney (31 Jul 2006), «Are people polite to computers? Responses to computer-based inter-viewing systems,» Journal of Applied Social Psychology, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1559–1816.1999.tb00142.x.

229

Youngme Moon (Mar 2000), «Intimate exchanges: Using computers to elicit self-disclosure from consumers,» Journal of Consumer Research, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/209566?seq=1.

230

Joel Garreau (6 May 2007), «Bots on the ground,» Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-yn/content/article/2007/05/05/AR2007050501009_pf.html.

231

Paul Robinette et al. (Mar 2016), «Overtrust of robots in emergency evacuation scenarios,» 2016 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~alanwags/pubs/Robinette-HRI-2016.pdf.

232

Samantha Bradshaw and Philip N. Howard (2019), «The global disinformation order: 2019 global inventory of organised social media manipulation,» Computational Propaganda Research Project, https://comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/93/2019/09/CyberTroop-Report19.pdf.

233

Tom Simonite (22 Jul 2020), «Did a person write this headline, or a machine?» Wired, https://www.wired.com/story/ai-text-generator-gpt-3-learning-language-fitfully.

234

Max Weiss (17 Dec 2019), «Deepfake bot submissions to federal public comment websites cannot be distinguished from human submissions,» Technology Science, https://techscience.org/a/2019121801.

235

Kate Darling (2021), The New Breed: What Our History with Animals Reveals about Our Future with Robots, Henry Holt.

236

Woodrow Hartzog (4 May 2015), «Unfair and deceptive robots,» Maryland Law Review, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2602452.

237

Yaniv Hanoch et al. (17 May 2021), «The robot made me do it: Human – robot interaction and risk-taking behavior,» Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/cyber.2020.0148.

238

Karlheinz Meier (31 May 2017), «The brain as computer: Bad at math, good at everything else,» IEEE Spectrum, https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-brain-as-computer-bad-at-math-good-at-everything-else.

239

Samuel Gibbs (28 Jun 2016), «Chatbot lawyer overturns 160,000 parking tickets in London and New York,» Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jun/28/chatbot-ai-lawyer-donotpay-parking-tickets-london-new-york.

240

Amy Gallo (28 Jun 2017), «A refresher on A/B testing,» Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-refresher-on-ab-testing.