Миф о плохой еде, который будет развенчан! - Аарон Кэрролл

3 стакана в день: «All About the Dairy Group», ChooseMyPlate.gov, https://www.choosemy plate.gov/dairy.

сторонники палео-диеты: Loren Cordain, «Dairy: Milking It for All It’s Worth», The Paleo Diet, http://thepaleodiet.com/dairy-milking-worth/.

никто из взрослых или детей постарше не пил молока: A. Curry, «Archaeology: The Milk Revolution», Nature 500, no. 7460 (2013): 20–22.

опубликованы итоги метаанализа: H. A. Bischoff-Ferrari, B. Dawson-Hughes, J. A. Baron, J. A. Kanis, E. J. Orav, H. B. Staehelin, et al., «Milk Intake and Risk of Hip Fracture in Men and Women: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies», Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 26, no. 4 (2011): 833–39.

такой связи обнаружено не было: D. Feskanich, H. A. Bischoff-Ferrari, A. Frazier, and W. C. Willett, «Milk Consumption During Teenage Years and Risk of Hip Fractures in Older Adults», JAMA Pediatrics 168, no. 1 (2014): 54–60.

повышением риска переломов: K. Michaelsson, A. Wolk, S. Langenskiold, S. Basu, E. Warensjo Lemming, H. Melhus, et al., «Milk Intake and Risk of Mortality and Fractures in Women and Men: Cohort Studies», BMJ 349 (2014): g6015.

метаанализ 2007 года: H. A. Bischoff-Ferrari, B. Dawson-Hughes, J. A. Baron, P. Burckhardt, R. Li, D. Spiegelman, et al., «Calcium Intake and Hip Fracture Risk in Men and Women: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials», American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86, no. 6 (2007): 1780–90.

влияния пищевых добавок витамина D: I. R. Reid, M. J. Bolland, and A. Grey, «Effects of Vitamin D Supplements on Bone Mineral Density: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis», Lancet 383, no. 9912 (2014): 146–55.

увеличения потребления молочной продукции: Michael Moss, «While Warning About Fat, U. S. Pushes Cheese Sales», New York Times, November 6, 2010, http://www.nytimes. com/2010/11/07/us/07fat.html.

защитный эффект против диабета: D. Gao, N. Ning, C. Wang, Y. Wang, Q. Li, Z. Meng, et al., «Dairy Products Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis», PLOS ONE8, no. 9 (2013): e73965.

положительно влияет на здоровье сердечно-сосудистой системы: P. C. Elwood, J. E. Pickering, D. I. Givens, and J. E. Gallacher, «The Consumption of Milk and Dairy Foods and the Incidence of Vascular Disease and Diabetes: An Overview of the Evidence», Lipids 45, no. 10 (2010): 925–39.

не связано со значительным приростом веса: K. J. Murphy, G. E. Crichton, K. A. Dyer, A. M. Coates, T. L. Pettman, C. Milte, et al., «Dairy Foods and Dairy Protein Consumption Is Inversely Related to Markers of Adiposity in Obese Men and Women», Nutrients 5, no. 11 (2013): 4665–84.

но это тоже неправда: P. C. Elwood, D. I. Givens, A. D. Beswick, A. M. Fehily, J. E. Pickering, and J. Gallacher, «The Survival Advantage of Milk and Dairy Consumption: An Overview of Evidence from Cohort Studies of Vascular Diseases, Diabetes and Cancer», Journal of the American College of Nutrition 27, no. 6 (2008): 723s-34s.

замена насыщенных жиров полиненасыщенными жирами: «Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee», part D, chapter 6 (U. S. Department of Agriculture and U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, first print, February 2015), https:// health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015-scientific-report/11-chapter-6/.

2. МЯСО

впервые была опубликована в 1983 году: M. Kushi with A. Jack, The Cancer Prevention Diet: Michio Kushi’s Nutritional Blueprint for the Prevention and Relief of Disease, 1st ed. (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983).

едят больше мяса, чем еще совсем недавно: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Fact Book (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2003), 15.

оптимальным рационом для профилактики развития заболеваний: D. Ornish, «The Myth of High-Protein Diets», New York Times, March 23, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/23/opinion/the-myth-of-high-protein-diets.html.

Он упомянул одно конкретное исследование: M. E. Levine, J. A. Suarez, S. Brandhorst, P. Balasubramanian, C. W. Cheng, F. Madia, et al., «Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1, Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population», Cell Metabolism 19, no. 3 (2014): 407–17.

согласно Методическому руководству по вопросам питания Министерства сельского хозяйства США: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and U. S. Department of Agriculture, 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 8th ed. (December 2015), https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/.

терять 0,7 пункта: J. T. Cohen, D. C. Bellinger, and B. A. Shaywitz, «A Quantitative Analysis of Prenatal Methyl Mercury Exposure and Cognitive Development», American Journal of Preventive Medicine 29, no. 4 (2005): 353–65.

коррелируется с более умными детьми: E. Oken, R. O. Wright, K. P. Kleinman, D. Bellinger, C. J. Amarasiriwardena, H. Hu, et al., «Maternal Fish Consumption, Hair Mercury, and Infant Cognition in a U. S. Cohort», Environmental Health Perspectives 113, no. 10 (2005): 1376–80.

В 2006 году двое ученых: D. Mozaffarian and E. B. Rimm, «Fish Intake, Contaminants, and Human Health: Evaluating the Risks and the Benefits», JAMA 296, no. 15 (2006): 1885–99.

рака пищевода: G. Jiang, B. Li, X. Liao, and C. Zhong, «Poultry and Fish Intake and Risk of Esophageal Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies», Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology 12, no. 1 (2016): 82–91.

рака яичников: F. Kolahdooz, J. C. van der Pols, C. J. Bain, G. C. Marks, M. C. Hughes, D. C. Whiteman, et al., «Meat, Fish, and Ovarian Cancer Risk: Results from 2 Australian Case-Control Studies, a Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis», American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, no. 6 (2010): 1752–63.

рака кишечника: B. Xu, J. Sun, Y. Sun, L. Huang, Y. Tang, and Y. Yuan, «No Evidence of Decreased Risk of Colorectal Adenomas with White Meat, Poultry, and Fish Intake: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies», Annals of Epidemiology 23, no. 4 (2013): 215–22.

более низким риском развития диабета: K. Esposito, C. M. Kastorini, D. B. Panagiotakos, and D. Giugliano, «Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Dietary Patterns: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies and Meta-analysis», Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 8, no. 6 (2010): 471–76.

включая сердечные приступы и смерть: R. Estruch, E. Ros, J. Salas-Salvadó, M. I. Covas, D. Corella, F. Arós, et al., «Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet», New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 14 (2013): 1279–90.