Сладкая история мира. 2000 лет господства сахара в экономике, политике и медицине - Ульбе Босма

Nutrition 7, no. 3 (2004): 369–380; David Stuckler et al., «Textual Analysis of Sugar Industry Influence on the World Health Organization’s 2015 Sugars Intake Guideline,» Bulletin of the World Health Organization 94, no. 8 (2016): 566–573; Boseley and McMahon, «Political Context»; WHO, Guideline: Sugars Intake for Adults and Children (Geneva: WHO, 2015), 4.

86 J.Putnam and J.Allshouse, «U.S. Per Capita Food Supply Trends,» Food Review 21, no. 3 (1998): 1–10.

87 WHO, Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Foods and Non-Alcoholic Beverages to Children (Geneva: WHO, 2010), http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/recsmarketing/en/index.html; WHO, «WHO urges Global Action to Curtail Consumption and Health Impacts of Sugary Drinks,» пресс-релиз, 11.10.2016, https://www.who.int/news/item/11-10-2016-who-urges-global-action-to-curtail-consumption-and-health-impacts-of-sugary-drinks.

88 Alex Wayne, «Senate Panel Suggests Tax on Sweet Drinks to Pay for Health Care Overhaul,» Commonwealth Fund, May 18, 2009, https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/newsletter-article/senate-panel-suggests-tax-sweet-drinks-pay-health-care-overhaul; Chen Zhen et al., «Habit Formation and Demand for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages,» American Journal of Agricultural Economics 93, no. 1 (2011): 175.

89 Lustig, Fat Chance, 245; V.v.B., «Chicago’s Soda Tax Is Repealed: A Big Victory for Makers of Sweet Drinks,» Economist, October 13, 2017, https://www.economist.com/democracy-in-america/2017/10/13/chicagos-soda-tax-is-repealed.

90 Emi Okamoto, «The Philadelphia Soda Tax, while Regressive, Saves Lives of Those Most at Risk,» A Healthier Philly, April 9, 2019, https://www.phillyvoice.com/philadelphia-soda-tax-regressive-saves-lives-most-at-risk; Chuck Dinerstein, «Soda Tax Continues to Decrease Sales, but There’s No Evidence of Health Benefit,» American Council on Science and Health, April 12, 2018, https://www.acsh.org/news/2018/04/12/soda-tax-continues-decrease-sales-theres-no-evidence-health-benefit-12829.

91 Zhen et al., «Habit Formation,» 190.

92 Nathalie Moise et al., «Limiting the Consumption of Sugar Sweetened Beverages in Mexico’s Obesogenic Environment: A Qualitative Policy Review and Stakeholder Analysis,» Journal of Public Health Policy 32, no. 4 (2011): 468, 470; A.R.Lopez, «Mexico’s Sugar Crusade Looking Forward,» Harvard International Review 37, no. 3 (2016): 48–49.

93 Lawrence O.Gostin, «Why Healthy Behavior Is the Hard Choice,» Milbank Quarterly 93, no. 2 (2015): 243; David Agren, «Mexico State Bans Sale of Sugary Drinks and Junk Food to Children,» Guardian, August 6, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/aug/06/mexico-oaxaca-sugary-drinks-junk-food-ban-children#:~:text=The%20southern%20Mexican%20state%20of,drinks%20and%20sweets%20to%20children.

94 См. например: «The 2018 UK Sugar Tax,» Diabetes.co.uk, January 15, 2019, https://www.diabetes.co.uk/nutrition/2018-uk-sugar-tax.html.

95 Gostin, «Why Healthy Behavior,» 243, 245; Miguel Ángel Royo-Bordonada et al., «Impact of an Excise Tax on the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Young People Living in Poorer Neighbourhoods of Catalonia, Spain: A Difference in Differences Study,» BMC Public Health 19, no. 1 (2019): 1553; Wissenschaftliche Dienste Deutscher Bundestag, «Ausgestaltung einer Zuckersteuer in ausgewählten Ländern und ihre Auswirkung auf Kaufverhalten, Preise und Reformulierung Aktenzeichen,» WD 5–3000–064/18 (Berlin Deutscher Bundestage 2018); Wissenschaftliche Dienste Deutscher Bundestag, «Studien zu gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen einer Zuckersteuer,» WD 9-3000–028/1 (Berlin: Deutscher Bundestage, 2018); Hans Jürgen Teuteberg, «How Food Products Gained an Individual ‘Face’: Trademarks as a Medium of Advertising in the Growing Modern Market Economy in Germany,» in The Rise of Obesity in Europe: A Twentieth Century Food History, ed. Derek J.Oddy, P.J.Atkins, and Virginie Amilien (Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2009), 77; S. ter Borg et al., Zout-, Suiker-en Verzadigd Vetgehalten in Levensmiddelen, RIVM 2019–0032 (Bilthoven, the Netherlands: RIVM, 2019), 64.

96 Yudkin, Pure, White and Deadly, 168–169.

97 Nestle, Food Politics, 2013 edition, xi.

98 См.: Al Imfeld, Zucker (Zurich: Unionsverlag, 1986).

99 Anahad O’Connor, «Coca-Cola Funds Scientists Who Shift Blame for Obesity Away from Bad Diets,» New York Times, August 9, 2015, https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/coca-cola-funds-scientists-who-shift-blame-for-obesity-away-from-bad-diets/?r=1. См. также: C.Herrick, «Shifting Blame/Selling Health: Corporate Social Responsibility in the Age of Obesity,» Sociology of Health&Illness 31, no. 1 (2009): 51–65.

10 °Cм.: Aseem Malhotra, Grant Schofield, and Robert H.Lustig, «The Science against Sugar, Alone, Is Insufficient in Tackling the Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Crises – We Must Also Overcome Opposition from Vested Interests,» Journal of the Australasian College of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine 38, no. 1 (2019): a39; A. Malhotra, T.Noakes, and S.Phinney, «It is Time to Bust the Myth of Physical Inactivity and Obesity: You Cannot Outrun a Bad Diet,» British Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 15 (2015): 967–968.

101 Lustig, Fat Chance, 192–194.

102 Pendergrast, For God, Country, 337.

103 Gail M.Hollander, Raising Cane in the ’Glades: The Global Sugar Trade and the Transformation of Florida (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009), 164.

104 Perkins, «Sugar Production,» 30–31.

105 Klaus Roth and Erich Lück, «Die Saccharin-Saga Ein Molekülschicksal,» Chemie in Unserer Zeit 45, no. 6 (2011): 413–414.

106 Britannica s.v., «Monsanto,» дата обращения: 17.04.2022, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Monsanto-Company.

107 См.: Carol Levine, «The First Ban: How Teddy Roosevelt Saved Saccharin,» Hastings Center Report 7, no. 6 (1977): 6–7.

108 Marvin L.Hayenga, «Sweetener Competition and Sugar Policy,» Journal of Farm Economics 49, no. 5 (1967): 1364.

109 Klaus Roth and Erich Lück, «Kalorienfreie Süße aus Labor und Natur: Süß, süßer, Süßstoff,» Chemie in unserer Zeit 46 (2012): 172.

110 Roth and Lück, «Kalorienfreie Süße,» 173.

111 Warner, Sweet Stuff, 194.

112 Andrew Cockburn, Rumsfeld: His Rise, Fall, and Catastrophic Legacy (New York: Scribner, 2007), 64.

113 Robbie Gennet, «Donald Rumsfeld and the Strange History of Aspartame,» Huffington Post, May 25, 2011, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donald-rumsfeld-and-the-s_b _805581.

114 Warner, Sweet Stuff, 211–212; Cockburn, Rumsfeld, 66–68.

115 «Findings on Risk from Aspartame Are Inconclusive, Says EFSA,» CORDIS, May 8, 2006, https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/25605-findings-on-risk-from-aspartame-are-inconclusive-says-efsa. Новое исследование, проведенное Морандо Соффрити и его командой, не изменило позицию Европейского агентства по безопасности продуктов питания. См. также: Morando Soffritti et al., «Aspartame Administered in Feed, Beginning Prenatally through Life Span, Induces Cancers of the Liver and Lung in Male Swiss Mice,» American Journal of Industrial Medicine 53, no. 12 (2010): 1197–1206.

116 Warner, Sweet Stuff, 212, 214.

117 См.: Bertram O.Fraser-Reid, From Sugar to Splenda: A Personal and Scientific Journey of a Carbohydrate Chemist and Expert Witness (Berlin: Springer, 2012).

118 Следует особо подчеркнуть, что ни Генри Тейт, ни Абрам Лайл не входили в число рабовладельцев; см.: «The Tate Galleries and Slavery,» Tate, дата обращения: 13.01.2022, https://www.tate.org.uk/about-us/history-tate/tate-galleries-and-slavery.

119 Linda Bonvie, Bill Bonvie, and Donna Gates, «Stevia: The Natural Sweetener That Frightens NutraSweet,» Earth Island Journal 13, no. 1 (1997): 26–27.

120 Sybille de La Hamaide, «Miracle Sweetener Stevia May Have a Sour Note,» Reuters, May 24, 2012, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sugar-stevia/miracle-sweetener-stevia-may-have-a-sour-note-idUSBRE84M0Y120120523; «Commission Regulation (EU) № 1131/2011 of 11 November 2011 Amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) № 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to Steviol Glycosides,» Official Journal