Критическая масса. Как одни явления порождают другие - Филип Болл

3 D. W. Thompson (1917). On Growth and Form, p. 503. Revised edition published by Cambridge University Press, 1942, and reprinted in 1992 by Dover, New York.

4 Ibid., p. 505.

5 I.Prigogine (1980). From Being To Becoming, p. 106. W.H. Freeman, New York.

6 J.L. Borges (1956). «The Garden of Forking Paths.» In Labyrinths, pp. 44-54. Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1970.

7 Prigogine, p. 106.

ПИГРАФЫ

Jeorg Christoph Lichtenberg, quoted in F.Cramer (1993). Chaos and Order; p. 114. VCH, Weinheim.

Edward A.Ross (1901). Social Control. In R.Bierstedt (1959), The Making of Society, p. 336. Random House, New York.

[einrich von Kleist (1810). On the Marionette Theatre. In Berliner Abendblatter, 12-15 December. Trans. I. Parry in the Times Literary Supplement, 20 October 1978.

1 A. van Leeuwenhoek (1674). In Antony van Leeuwenhoek and His Little Animals.1 Trans. & ed C. Dobell (1958). Russell & Russell, New York.

2 Hobbes, Leviathan, p. 228.

3 J.K. Parrish & LEdelstein-Keshet (1999). «Complexity, pattern, and evolutionary trade-offs in animal aggregation.» Science 284,99-101, here p. 100.

4 Quoted in S.Levy (1992). Artificial Life, p. 74. Jonathan Cape, London.

5 Quoted in R.Lewin (1992). Complexity, p. 178. Macmillan, New York.

6 Hobbes, Leviathan, p. 225.

7 Ibid, pp. 225-26.

e L F Henderson (1971). «The statistics of crowd fluids.» Nature 229,381.

* BHilher & J.Hanson (1984). The Social Logic of Space, p. 266. Cambridge University Press.

10 Ibid.

11 M Batty, J.Desyllas and E.Duxbury (2003). «Safety in numbers? Modelling crowds and designing control for the Notting Hill Carnival.» Urban Studies 40, 1573-90, here p. 1588.

12 Ramsh & Edelstein-Keshet, p. 101.

13 P. Ackroyd (2000). London: The Biography, p. 2. Chatto & Windus, London.

14 Ibid, p. 103.

15 H Ketl (1787). Quoted in Ackroyd, p. 517.

16 DDT Chen (2000). The science of smart growth.» Scientific American, December, pp. 84-92.

17 Ibid.

18 L Mumford (1938). The Culture of Cities, p. 233. Seeker & Warburg, London.

19 Ibid, p. 7.

20 H. Spencer (1876). Principles of Sociology. Quoted in R.Bierstedt, ed. (1959). The Making of Society, p. 262. Random House, New York.

21 Quoted in I.Petersen (1996). «The shapes of cities.» Science News 149,6 January, p. 9.

22 H.Simon (1996). The Science$ of the Artificial, 3rd ed., pp. 33-34. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

23 Ackroyd, p. 588.

ЭПИГРАФЫ

Thomas C.Schelling (1978). Micromotives and Macrobehavior, p. 121. W.W. Norton, New York.

Josiah Willard Gibbs, quoted in A.T. Winfree (1980). The Geometry of Biological Tim Springer-Verlag, New York.

Rudyard Kipling (1888). L’Envoi to The Story of the Gadsbys. A.H. Wheeler & Co., Allahabad.

1 R.Moe (1999). Speech on urban sprawl, Red Hills Spring Event Dinner, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida, 24 March.

ЭПИГРАФЫ

Samuel Johnson, quoted in R.Heilbroner (2000). The Worldly Philosophers17th ed., p. 41. Penguin, London.

George Bernard Shaw (attributed).

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, quoted in R.W. Emerson (1860). The Conduct of Life, p. 197. J.M. Dent, London, 1908.

1 Heilbroner, p. 57.

2 D.Defoe (1706). Review; vol. ii, p. 26. Quoted in D.Donoghue (1988). England, Their England: Commentaries on English Language and Literature, p. 65. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.

3 Quoted in J.G. A. Pocock (1985), «Josiah Tucker on Burke, Locke, and Price.» In Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History; Chiefly in the Eighteenth Century, pp. 157-91. Cambridge University Press.

4 Emerson, The Conduct of Life, p. 202.

5 Ibid.

6 J.Kay (1995). «Cracks in the crystal ball.» Financial Times, 29 September.

7 I. Fisher (1929). Quoted in R.Heilbroner, p. 251.

8 P.Krugman (1994). Peddling Prosperity p. xi. W.W. Norton, New York.

9 Ibid.

10 K.Marx & F.Engels (1848). The Communist Manifesto, trans. S.Moore, p. 25. Junius Publications, London, 1996.

11 Ibid., p. 48.

12 P. H. Cootner, ed. (1964). The Random Character of Stock Market Prices. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

13 Quoted in G.Stix (1998). «А calculus of risk.» Scientific American, May, 70-75.

ЭПИГРАФЫ

Robert Heilbroner (1999), The Worldly Philosophers, 7th ed., pp. 316-17. Penguin, London.

Ral Waldo Emerson (1860). The Conduct of Life, p. 199. J.M. Dent, London, 1908.

Brian Arthur, quoted in M.M. Waldrop (1994), Complexity, p. 328. Penguin, London.

1 T.Carlyle (1849). «The Nigger question.» In Miscellaneous Essays, vol. 7, pp. 79-110. Chapman & Hall, London, 1888.1 recommend P.Groenewegen’s «Thomas Carlyle, ‘the dismal scienc»,’ and the contemporary political economy of slavery,» History of Economics Review 34,74-94 (2001) for a discussion of Carlyle’s critique of «economic science» and his views on the economic implications of the emancipation of slaves.

2 F Y.Edgeworth (1888). «Tests of accurate measurement.» In Papers Relating to Political Economy, vol. 1, p. 331. Macmillan, London, 1925.

3 F.Y. Edgeworth (1881). Mathematical Psychics: An Essay on the Application of Mathematics to the Moral Sciences, pp. 12-13. Kegan Paul & Co., London.

4 F.Y. Edgeworth, Mathematical Psychics, p. 50.