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116 Hooke R. et al. Land Transformation by Humans: A Review. GSA Today 22 (2012): 4–10.

117 Ellis E. C. and Ramankutty N. Putting People in the Map: Anthropogenic Biomes of the World. Front Ecol Environ 6 (2008): 439–447.

118 Bierregaard R. O. et al. Lessons from Amazonia: The Ecology and Conservation of a Fragmented Forest. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001.

119 Diamond J. The Island Dilemma: Lessons of Modern Biogeographic Studies for the Design of Natural Reserves. Biol Conserv 7 (1975): 129–146.

120 Diamond J. “Normal” Extinctions of Isolated Populations. In Nitecki M. H. (ed.) Extinctions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

121 Laurance S. G. W. et al. Effects of Road Clearings on Movement Patterns of Understory Rainforest Birds in Central Amazonia. Conserv Biol 18 (2004): 1099–1109.

122 Wilson E. O. The Diversity of Life. (1992) Reprint. New York: Norton, 1993.

123 Rettenmeyer C. W. et al. The Largest Animal Association Centered on One Species: The Army Ant Eciton Burchellii and Its More Than 300 Associates. Insect Soc 58 (2011): 281–292.

124 Erwin T. L. Tropical Forests: Their Richness in Coleoptera and Other Arthropod Species. Coleopts Bull 36 (1982): 74–75.

125 Hamilton A. J. et al. Quantifying Uncertainty in Estimation of Tropical Arthropod Species Richness. American Naturalist 176 (2010): 90–95.

126 Wilson E. O. Threats to Biodiversity. Sci Am 261 (1989): 108–116.

127 Lawton J. H. and May R. M. Extinction Rates. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

128 Lovejoy T. E. Biodiversity: What Is It? In Kudla M. L. et al. (eds.) Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources. Washington, D. C.: Joseph Henry Press, 1997.

129 Darwin С. Letter to J. D. Hooker, Apr. 19, 1855. Darwin Correspondence Project, Cambridge University.

130 Darwin С. Letter to Gardeners’ Chronicle, May 21, 1855. Darwin Correspondence Project, Cambridge University.

131 Wegener A. The Origin of Continents and Oceans. New York: Dover, 1966.

132 Davis M. A. Invasion Biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

133 Ricciardi A. Are Modern Biological Invasions an Unprecedented Form of Global Change? Conserv Biol 21 (2007): 329–336.

134 Jarrell R. and Sendak M. The Bat-Poet. (1964) Reprint. New York: HarperCollins, 1996.

135 Cryan P. M. et al. Wing Pathology of White-Nose Syndrome in Bats Suggests Life-Threatening Disruption of Physiology. BMC Biology 8 (2010): 135.

136 Elton C. S. The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. (1958) Reprint. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

137 Driesche J. van and Driesche R. van. Nature out of Place: Biological Invasions in the Global Age. Washington, D. C.: Island Press, 2000.

138 Mitchell C. et al. Hawaii’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. Honolulu: Department of Land and Natural Resources, 2005.

139 Quammen D. The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions. (1996) Reprint. New York: Scribner, 2004.

140 Hepting G. H. Death of the American Chestnut. Forest Conserv Hist 18 (1974): 60–67.

141 Somers P. The Invasive Plant Problem. http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/dfg/nhesp/land-protection-and-management/invasive-plant-problem.pdf

142 Maerz J. C. et al. Declines in Woodland Salamander Abundance Associated with Non-Native Earthworm and Plant Invasions. Conserv Biol 23 (2009): 975–981.

143 Chown S. L. et al. Continent-Wide Risk Assessment for the Establishment of Nonindigenous Species in Antarctica. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109 (2012): 4938–4943.

144 Burdick A. Out of Eden: An Odyssey of Ecological Invasion. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.

145 Leonard J. A. et al. Ancient DNA Evidence for Old World Origin of New World Dogs. Science 298 (2002): 1613–1616.

146 Todd K. Tinkering with Eden: A Natural History of Exotics in America. New York: Norton, 2001.

147 Jenkins P. T. Pet Trade. In Simberloff D. and RejmÁnek M. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.

148 Ruiz G. M. et al. Invasion of Coastal Marine Communities in North America: Apparent Patterns, Processes, and Biases. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 31 (2000): 481–531.

149 Brown J. H. Macroecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

150 Orlando L. et al. Ancient DNA Analysis Reveals Woolly Rhino Evolutionary Relationships. Mol Phylogenet Evol 28 (2003): 485–499.

151 Wilson E. O. The Future of Life. (2002) Reprint. New York: Vintage, 2003.

152 Welz A. The Dirty War against Africa’s Remaining Rhinos. e360, published online Nov. 27, 2012.

153 Maisels F. et al. Devastating Decline of Forest Elephants in Central Africa. PLOS ONE 8 (2013): e59469.

154 Lovejoy T. A Tsunami of Extinction. Sci Am 308 (2013): 33–34.

155 Flannery T. F. The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People. New York: G. Braziller, 1995.

156 Olson V. A. and Turvey S. T. The Evolution of Sexual Dimorphism in New Zealand Giant Moa (Dinornis) and Other Ratites. Proc Biol Sci 280 (2013): 20130401.

157 Wallace A. R. The Geographical Distribution of Animals with a Study of the Relations of Living and Extinct Faunas as Elucidating the Past Changes of the Earth’s Surface. Vol. 1. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1876.

158 Lyell C. Travels in North America, Canada, and Nova Scotia with Geological Observations. 2nd ed. London: J. Murray, 1855.

159 Lyell C. Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man; with Remarks on Theories of the Origin of Species by Variation. 4th ed, revised. London: J. Murray, 1873.

160 Grayson D. K. Nineteenth Century Explanations. In Martin P. S. and Klein R. G. (eds.) Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1984.

161 Wallace A. R. The World of Life: A Manifestation of Creative Power, Directive Mind and Ultimate Purpose. New York: Moffat, Yard, 1911.

162 Martin P. S. Prehistoric Overkill. In Martin P. S. and Wright H. E. (eds.) Pleistocene Extinctions: The Search for a Cause. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1967.

163 Diamond J. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton, 2005.

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