Стеклянная клетка. Автоматизация и мы - Николас Дж. Карр

3. Reed Abelson and Julie Creswell. In Second Look, Few Savings from Digital Health Records // New York Times, 2013. January 10.

4. Jeanne Lambrew. More than Half of Doctors Now Use Electronic Health Records Thanks to Administration Policies // The White House Blog, 2013 May 24. UPL: http://www. whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/05/24/more-half-doc tors-use-electronic-health-records-thanks-administration-policies.

5. Arthur L. Kellermann and Spencer S. Jones. What It Will Take to Achieve the As-Yet-Unfulfilled Promises of Health Information Technology // Health Affairs 32, 2013. № 1. Р. 63–68.

6. Ashly D. Black et al. The Impact of eHealth on the Quality and Safety of Health Care: A Systematic Overview // PLOS Medicine 8, 2011. № 1. UPL: http://www. plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371 %2Fjournal.pmed.1000387.

7. Melinda Beeuwkes Buntin et al. The Benefits of Health Information Technology: A Review of the Recent Literature Shows Predominantly Positive Results // Health Affairs 30, 2011. № 3. Р. 464–471.

8. Dean F. Sittig et al. Lessons from ‘Unexpected Increased Mortality after Implementation of a Commercially Sold Computerized Physician Order Entry System // Pediatrics 118, 2006. № 2. Р. 797–801.

9. Jerome Groopman and Pamela Hartzband. Obama’s $80 Billion Exaggeration // Wall Street Journal, 2009. March 12. См. статью тех же авторов: Off the Record – Avoiding the Pitfalls of Going Electronic // New England Journal of Medicine 358, 2008. № 16. Р. 1656–1658.

10. См.: Fred Schulte. Growth of Electronic Medical Records Eases Path to Inflated Bills. Center for Public Integrity, 2012. September 19. UPL: http://www. public integrity.org/2012/09/19/10812/growth-electronic-medical-records-eases-path-inflated-bills; Reed Abelson et al. Medicare Bills Rise as Records Turn Electronic // New York Times, 2012. September 22.

11. Daniel R. Levinson. CMS and Its Contractors Have Adopted Few Program Integrity Practices to Address Vulnerabilities in EHRs. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Inspector General, Department of Health and Human Services, 2014. January. UPL: http://www. oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-01–11–00571.pdf.

12. Danny McCormick et al. Giving Office-Based Physicians Electronic Access to Patients’ Prior Imaging and Lab Results Did Not Deter Ordering of Tests // Health Affairs 31, 2012. № 3. Р. 488–496. Специалисты изучали результаты лечения больных сахарным диабетом в течение пяти лет в двух клиниках, в одной из которых была внедрена система электронного ведения медицинской документации, а в другой – нет. Выяснилось, что врачи первой клиники назначали больше анализов, но не добились лучшего контроля содержания глюкозы в крови. «Полученные данные позволяют предположить, что, несмотря на значительное повышение стоимости лечения, электронная система ведения медицинской документации не смогла обеспечить решающего улучшения качества лечения», – написали ученые.

Patrick J. O’Connor et al. Impact of an Electronic Medical Record on Diabetes Quality of Care // Annals of Family Medicine 3, 2005. №. 4. July. Р. 300–306.

13. Timothy Hoff. Deskilling and Adaptation among Primary Care Physicians Using Two Work Innovations // Health Care Management Review 36, 2011. № 4. Р. 338–348.

14. Schulte. Growth of Electronic Medical Records.

15. Hoff. Deskilling and Adaptation.

16. Danielle Ofri. The Doctor vs. the Computer // New York Times, 2010. December 30.

17. Thomas H. Payne et al. Transition from Paper to Electronic Inpatient Physician Notes // Journal of the American Medical Information Association 17, 2010. Р. 108–111.

18. Ofri. Doctor vs. the Computer.

19. Beth Lown and Dayron Rodriguez. Lost in Translation? How Electronic Health Records Structure Communication, Relationships, and Meaning / Academic Medicine 87, 2012. № 4. Р. 392–394.

20. Emran Rouf et al. “Computers in the Exam Room: Differences in Physician-Patient Interaction May Be Due to Physician Experience,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 22, no. 1 (2007): 43–48.

21. Avik Shachak et al. Primary Care Physicians’ Use of an Electronic Medical Record System: A Cognitive Task Analysis // Journal of General Internal Medicine 24, 2009. № 3. Р. 341–348.

22. Lown and Rodriguez. Lost in Translation?

23. См.: Saul N. Weingart et al. Physicians’ Decisions to Override Computerized Drug Alerts in Primary Care // Archives of Internal Medicine, 2003. November 24. Р. 2625–2631; Alissa L. Russ et al. Prescribers’ Interactions with Medication Alerts at the Point of Prescribing: A Multi-method, In Situ Investigation of the Human – Computer Interaction // International Journal of Medical Informatics 81, 2012. Р. 232–243;

M. Susan Ridgely and Michael D. Greenberg. Too Many Alerts, Too Much Liability: Sorting through the Malpractice Implications of Drug-Drug Interaction Clinical Decision Support // Saint

Louis University Journal of Health Law and Policy 5, 2012. Р. 257–295; David W. Bates. Clinical Decision Support and the Law: The Big Picture // Saint Louis University Journal of Health Law and Policy 5, 2012. Р. 319–324.

24. Atul Gawande. The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right. N. Y.: Henry Holt, 2010. Р. 161–162.

25. Lown and Rodriguez. Lost in Translation?

26. Jerome Groopman. How Doctors Think. N. Y.: Houghton Mifflin, 2007. Р. 34–35.

27. Adam Smith. The Wealth of Nations. N. Y.: Modern Library, 2000. Р. 840.

28. Там же. Р. 4.

29. Frederick Winslow Taylor. The Principles of Scientific Management N. Y.: Harper & Brothers, 1913. Р. 11.

30. Там же. Р. 36.

31. Hannah Arendt. The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Р. 147.

32. Harry Braverman. Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. N. Y.: Monthly Review Press, 1998. Р. 307.

33. Краткий обзор дебатов по поводу книги Бравермана см.: Peter Meiksins. Labor and Monopoly Capital for the 1990s: A Review and Critique of the Labor Process Debate // Monthly Review. 1994. November.

34. James R. Bright. Automation and Management. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, 1958. Р. 176–195.

35. Там же. Р. 188.

36. James R. Bright. The Relationship of Increasing Automation and Skill Requirements // Technology and the American Economy, Appendix II: The Employment Impact of Technological Change. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Р. 201–221.

37. George Dyson. Комментарии см. на: Edge.org, 2008. July 11. UPL: http://www. edge.org/dis course/carr_google.html#dysong.