Хитмейкеры. Наука популярности в эпоху развлечений - Дерек Томпсон

303. Я не смог найти точных данных о среднем числе постов за день, выкладываемых в Facebook и Twitter, поэтому взял самую низкую оценку, приведенную в Business Insider; но их число может измеряться миллиардами: Jim Edwards. Leaked Twitter API Data Shows the Number of Tweets Is in Serious Decline // Business Insider. 2016. February 2. www.businessinsider.com/tweets-on-twitter-is-in-serious-decline-2016–2.

304. What Is Big Data? // IBM, www-01.ibm.com/software/data/bigdata/what-is-big-data.html.

305. Bill Bryson. One Summer: America, 1927. N. Y.: Random House, 2013.

306. Fareed Zakaria. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad N. Y.: Norton, 2004. P. 215.

307. Bryson. One Summer.

308. Matt Novak. One Newspaper to Rule Them All // Smithsonian. 2012. January 3. www.smithsonianmag.com/history/one-newspaper-to-rule-them-all-14383197/?no-ist.

309. Bryson. One Summer.

310. Список газет штата Нью-Йорк на микропленке в New York State Library, New York State Library website, www.nysl.nysed.gov/nysnp/title1.htm.

311. George Horace Gallup. An Objective Method for Determining Reader Interest in the Content of a Newspaper // University of Iowa dissertation. 1928. August. ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5318&context=etd.

312. Ibid.

313. Jill Lepore. Politics and the New Machine // The New Yorker. 2015. November 16. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/11/16/politics-and-the-new-machine.

314. Ann M. Reed. History: Applied Anthropology // Applied Anthropology, University of Indiana. 1998. May. www.indiana.edu/~wanthro/theory_pages/Applied.htm#history; см. также: George M. Foster. Applied Anthropology. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969.

315. Graeme Wood. Anthropology Inc. // The Atlantic. 2013. March. www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/03/anthropology-inc/309218/.

316. Susan Ohmer. Gallup Meets Madison Avenue: Media Research and the Depression // Milestones in Marketing History: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Historical Analysis and Research in Marketing (CHARM), John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, May 17–20, 2001; см. также: Boris Doktorov. George Gallup: Biography and Destiny. Moscow, 2011.

317. Lepore. Politics and the New Machine.

318. Robert Gordon. The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U. S. Standard of Living since the Civil War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016; см. также: James L. Baughman. Television Comes to America, 1947–1957 // Illinois History. 1993. March. www.lib.niu.edu/1993/ihy930341.html.

319. David R. Davies. The Postwar Decline of American Newspapers, 1945–1965. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006; см. также: Richard W. Clarke. Speech to the Silurian Society, November 1947, quoted in George Britt, ed., Shoeleather and Printers’ Ink. N. Y.: Quadrangle, 1974. P. 326–332; см. также: Sig Mickelson. Two National Political Conventions Have Proved Television’s News Role // Quill. 1956. December. P. 15–16.

320. Gordon. Rise and Fall of American Growth.

321. William Deverell. Fueled by Obsession // Huntington Frontiers, Spring/Summer 2009. www.huntington.org/uploaded-Files/Files/PDFs/S09obsession.pdf.

322. Will Fowler. Reporters: Memoirs of a Young Newspaperman. Malibu, CA: Roundtable, 1991. P. 160–161.

323. Television Convention // Newsweek. 1952. July 14.

324. Karla Gower. Public Relations and the Press: The Troubled Embrace. Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 2007. P. 29.

325. Clayton Christensen. The Innovator’s Dilemma. N. Y.: Harvard Business Review Press, 1997. Мое предложение – это импрессионистическое переформулирование тезиса Кристиансена. Оно, безусловно, отражает идеи Innovator’s Dilemma, но не является попыткой резюмировать содержание его книги.

326. Ken Goldstein. Sixty Years of Daily Newspaper Circulation Trends // Canadian Journalism Project, 2011.

327. James Fallows. How to Save the News // The Atlantic. June 2010. www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/06/how-to-save-the-news/308095/.

328. How Millennials Use and Control Social Media // Media Insight Project, American Press Institute. 2015. March 16. www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/survey-research/millennials-social-media/.

329. Адаптировано из отрывка, взятого из Jonathan Franzen. Farther Away // The New Yorker. 2011.April 18. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/04/18/farther-away-jonathan-franzen.

330. James B. Stewart. Facebook Has 50 Minutes of Your Time Each Day. It Wants More // New York Times. 2016. May 5. www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/business/facebook-bends-the-rules-of-audience-engagement-to-its-advantage.html?_r=0.

331. Derek Thompson. Facebook and Fear // The Atlantic. 2016. May 10. www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/05/the-facebook-future/482145/.

332. Steven Levy. Inside the Science That Delivers Your Scary-Smart Facebook and Twitter Feeds // Wired. 2014. April 22. www.wired.com/2014/04/perfect-facebook-feed/.

333. Steven Levy. How 30 Random People in Knoxville May Change Your Facebook News Feed // Backchannel. 2015. January 30. https://backchannel.com/revealed-facebooks-project-to-find-out-what-people-really-want-in-their-news-feed-799dbfb2e8b1#.srntqeuy7.

334. Keith Wilcox, Beth Vallen, Lauren G. Block and Gavan Fitzsimons. Vicarious Goal Fulfillment: When the Mere Presence of a Healthy Option Leads to an Ironically Indulgent Decision // NA – Advances in Consumer Research. 2010. 37. P. 73–76.

335. Cassie Werber. Facebook Is Predicting the End of the Written Word // Quartz. 2016. June 14. qz.com/706461/face-book-is-predicting-the-end-of-the-written-word/.

336. Jeffrey Gottfried and Elisa Shearer. News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2016 // Pew Research Center. 2016. May 26. www.journalism.org/files/2016/05/PJ_2016.05.26_social-media-and-news_FINAL-1.pdf.

337. How Millennials Use and Control Social Media // American Press Institute.

338. Derek Thompson. Facebook and Fear.

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339. См., например: Grant T. Hammond’s lecture «On the Making of History: John Boyd and American Security» // Harmon Memorial Lecture, U. S. Air Force Academy, 2012. www.usafa.edu/df/dfh/docs/Harmon54.pdf.

340. Strand History // The Strand, www.strandbooks.com/strand-history.

341. Megan Garber. To Its Earliest Reviewers, Gatsby Was Anything but Great // The Atlantic. 2015. April 10. www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/04/to-early-reviewers-the-great-gatsby-was-not-so-great/390252/.